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Academic Literature
Productivity and Skills – Sectoral skills explain more than school attainment
The key source of modern economic growth is productivity growth which is ultimately determined by technological progress. Innovation and technological progress are driven by people’s knowledge and skills which, in turn, are fostered by education and by research and development activities (R&D). Education – by equipping individuals with knowledge and skills – enables workers to … Continue reading
Gig-Jobs in US – The rise is driven by earnings that are secondary and supplemental sources of income
New institutions and technologies have made it simpler for self-employed individuals to do work for firms and peers that could have previously only been done in an employment relationship. As a result, speculation has grown that traditional jobs in the United States will be replaced by “gig” or “freelance” work performed by self-employed workers acting … Continue reading
Future of Work, Workforce Development and Community Colleges – They must continue to remain responsive to the unfolding needs of their communities
Postsecondary workforce development is one of the major innovations of the modern community college. In a workforce approach, curriculum is driven by the needs of local industry, course delivery systems are sufficiently flexible to meet the diverse needs of students and industry, and students experience a mixture of work-based and classroom learning. These features combine … Continue reading
Artificial Intelligence (AI) – It will challenge economists in coming years
After a number of AI-winters, AI is back with a boom. There are concerns that it will disrupt society. The immediate concern is whether labor can win a ‘race against the robots’ and the longer-term concern is whether an artificial general intelligence (super-intelligence) can be controlled. This paper describes the nature and context of these … Continue reading
Higher VET Earnings in UK – Early earnings differential associated with high-level vocational/technical education tends to disappear by the age of 30 study finds
Using rich administrative data for a full cohort of English secondary school leavers (2002/03 academic year), we compare earnings of people with higher vocational/technical qualifications to the earnings of degree holders at the age of 30, while controlling for prior attainment and background characteristics. We find that by the age of 30 the early earnings … Continue reading
Skills and Youth Labor Market Integration – Self-rated specific skills are more positively related to favorable labor market outcomes than self-rated generic skills
The transition from school to work is regarded as a precarious period for young people, as they often have to deal with periods of job searching, occupational mismatches and flexible contracts (Levels et al. 2014; Scherer 2005; Wolbers 2003). Education plays a decisive role in preparing youth for the labor market, and the provision of … Continue reading
Future of Work – The costs of reskilling and upskilling for occupational transitions
This work contributes to the “Jobs and Skills” module of the Going Digital horizontal project and to the Skills Outlook 2019 on Skills and Digitalisation. It results from the cooperation between the Directorate for Education and Skills (EDU) and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation (STI). It proposes an experimental methodology and first time … Continue reading
Gender Gap in STEM – There is no gender gap in science and the definition of STEM used is an important determinant of the conclusions reached
While education levels of women have increased dramatically relative to men in recent decades, women are still greatly underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) college programmes and occupations. Card and Payne (2017) show that, in the U.S. and Canada, the gender gap in the likelihood of graduating with a STEM‐related degree explains about … Continue reading
Modern Monetary Theory – A Beginner’s Guide
There’s a lot of debate swirling around Modern Monetary Theory—some strident. Its critics call it a hot mess. “MMT has constructed such a bizarre, illogical, convoluted way of thinking about macro that it’s almost impervious to attack,” Bentley University economist Scott Sumner claimed recently on his blog. MMT’s proponents say it’s the critics who are … Continue reading
Active Labour Market Programmes (ALMPs) in Germany – Increases the probability of taking jobs and of holding a high-quality job
Technological change, globalisation and the rise of knowledge intensive work are often associated with declining job quality. However, high job quality may have positive effects not only on the well-being and mental and physical health of individuals but also on society and the economy as a whole, leading to greater productivity, competitiveness and economic growth. … Continue reading
Extend Working Lives – Employment profiles of ageing workers in Canada, Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom
In most countries, rising life expectancy creates opportunities to extend working lives beyond 65 years. Yet little is known regarding who already works past this age and any social differentials that may exist. In the present study, we address this gap by describing employment profiles of ageing workers in four different welfare states– Canada, Denmark, … Continue reading
VET in Sweden – Declining popularity may be related to the weak pathways from VET to higher education
Over recent years, Sweden has made great strides in the development of its vocational education and training (VET) system. Work-based learning is better integrated, social partners are more engaged and the VET offer for adults has been developed. Opportunity exists however, for better co-ordination among stakeholders and changes in delivery to ensure the attractiveness of … Continue reading
Vocational vs General Education in Apprenticeship – The life-cycle trade-off
This paper discusses the role of vocational education, and in particular apprenticeship education, in preparing students for the labor market, with a particular focus on a life-cycle perspective in changing economies. The basic idea is that vocational education may facilitate entry into the labor market but hurt employment opportunities later in life because of limited … Continue reading
VET and School-to-Work Transition – Vocationally educated upper-secondary level school-leavers are better prepared to enter the labour market research finds
This article describes and analyses the school-to-work transitions of a 2006 cohort of Dutch school-leavers with upper-secondary general and vocational qualifications (ISCED Level 3). By adopting a longitudinal perspective through the use of SA, we have been able to integrate recent ideas about school-to-work transitions into an analysis of the effect of vocational education on … Continue reading
Gap Years – Delaying college enrollment affects earnings trajectories
In the literature on college enrollment and college choice, a common assumption is that college-intending students begin postsecondary education in the fall after their high school graduation. Yet according to the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 37 percent of undergraduate students in the 1992–93 academic year waited a year or more after high school graduation … Continue reading
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