We examine the impact of language training on the economic integration of immigrants in France. The language classes are offered by the French Ministry of the Interior after the immigrant signs the Contrat d’accueil et d’intégration. The training is more likely to be available when the test score of an initial language exam is below … Continue reading
We study the effects of performance bonuses in immigrant language training for adults. A Swedish policy pilot conducted in 2009–2010 gave a small randomly assigned group of municipalities the right to grant substantial cash bonuses to recently arrived migrants. A conservative interpretation of our results, building on a difference-in-differences approach, suggests that the bonus did … Continue reading