Job Market Monitor
Germany
Education Gaps in Germany – Ignorance of economic returns and costs not the cause
The gap in university enrollment by parental education is large and persistent in many countries. In our representative survey, 74 percent of German university graduates, but only 36 percent of those without a university degree favor a university education for their children. The latter are more likely to underestimate returns and overestimate costs of university. … Continue reading
Reversing Decline in VET in UK – Lessons from Germany and France
[The] analysis suggests that there may be further lessons for [UK) from the German system and others from the French which would enable it to move rapidly to an effective and successful system. In particular: • France and Germany promote high standards of general education throughout school years for all pupils. Although this country’s reforms … Continue reading
Refugees in Northern Europe – Chances of finding work increase with each year of residence but plateau at a rate significantly below
Since the late 1970s, wealthy Northern European countries have been popular destinations for both humanitarian and labor migrants. The EU accession of formerly communist Eastern European countries in the early 2000s led to a substantial increase in labor migration toward Northern Europe. Overall, these migrants have found it reasonably easy to find work and are … Continue reading
Apprenticeship in Germany – A Dual or ‘Parallel Systems’ ?
On the macro level (federal level) and exo level (state or regional level), the German Dual Apprenticeship System shows a high degree of institutionalised collaboration. However, the companies and vocational schools on the meso level (institutional level and level of the actors), in contrast, are just loosely coupled with a dominant partner (i.e., companies) and … Continue reading
Labour Market Integration of Refugees and Asylum Seekers – An account of key information on Austria, Sweden and Germany
First session: “Opportunities for better labour market integration: Lessons from national experiences” During the session presentations of experiences from three Member States were delivered and discussed: Austria, Sweden and Germany. All the three countries are facing challenges of integrating refugees, even if the number of asylum applicants has substantially decreased since the peak year of … Continue reading
Apprenticeship in 8 Countries – Australia, Denmark, Egypt, England, Finland, Germany, India, and South Africa
This report presents the results of the analysis of apprenticeship in eight countries: Australia, Denmark, Egypt, England, Finland, Germany, India, and South Africa. The study used documentary analysis as its central methodological approach, citing, summarizing, synthesizing, analyzing and critically reflecting on existing literature and data produced by international organizations, government agencies, universities, and research institutions. … Continue reading
Income inequality in Germany – A rapid increase in the skill premium for young medium- skilled workers
The rise in inequality in many OECD countries over the last decades has triggered a rich body of academic work. Scholars agree in general that recent changes in inequality are mainly driven by inequality of labor incomes which in turn are closely related to skill premiums. In this paper, we ask whether skill-biased technological change … Continue reading
Dual Apprenticeship in Germany – The employment advantage of youth reverses over time and disappears around age 50
Vocationally-trained workers with relatively narrow skills face a harsher labor market with time as the nature of production changes. The employment advantage of German youth with vocational as compared to general education reverses over time and disappears around age 50, according to a study I conducted along with an international team. At that point, even … Continue reading
Germany – Despite a growing population, shortages remain in the area of skilled tasks
The fourth wave of quali cations and occupational eld projections pre- pared by the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) and the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) provide a summary of the German labour market’s expected development up to 2035. New challenges are being presented, particularly against the background of the massive refugee … Continue reading
Refugees in Germany – Vocational language training is the most effective
In 2015 and 2016, an estimated total of 1.2 million people arrived in Germany to ask for asylum. Although Germany had already experienced large inflows of asylum seekers in the early 1990s, the current situation is different not only in its scale, but also because many asylum seekers come from countries where the perspective of … Continue reading
Globalization in Germany – A stabilizing effect on manufacturing jobs
Unlike in the case of the US, rising trade with emerging low-wage countries did not speed up the decline of manufacturing in Germany. Trade, in fact, slowed it down because the rising exports to these new markets worked to stabilize industry jobs, which might have otherwise been replaced by service jobs. A new IZA Discussion Paper by Wolfgang … Continue reading
Germany – Integrating Refugees into the Labor Market
Despite the creation of countless programs and initiatives to help new arrivals integrate into the labor market, refugees and asylum seekers face real hurdles getting jobs at their skill level. Among the barriers: Most newcomers speak little or no German and language courses are vastly oversubscribed and often prioritize groups who stand a good chance … Continue reading
Transferring Germany’s “dual” vocational training system
Over recent years, the partial or complete transfer of VET systems has become in- creasingly relevant in international and comparative vocational education and training research (Barabasch and Wolf, 2011; Phillips and Ochs, 2004). This issue also has an increasingly important international training policy aspect. In the context of high youth unemployment in some industrialised countries … Continue reading
Boys Transitions into VET in Germany – They have better opportunities when entering company-based or dual education and training
This paper examines the transitions made by lower secondary school leavers and intermediate secondary school leavers into vocational education and training in Germany. With the basis that boys have long been underperforming girls in school, the paper investigates the question of whether male adolescents continue to be similarly disadvantaged when transitioning into vocational education and … Continue reading
Refugee in Germany – 100,000 new “working opportunities”
Last week, Germany’s legislature debated a new law on integration, the country’s first. It requires asylum seekers to take lessons in language, culture and values in exchange for faster access to the labor market. The government has promised to subsidize 100,000 new “working opportunities,” many of them low-paid workfare jobs. Labor laws will be relaxed … Continue reading
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