Job Market Monitor
Academic Literature
Grads and their Parents – Strong and consistent relationships between parental education and students’ major choices
College majors offer vastly different returns, including different age paths of earnings. Some majors pay off right away with good employment outcomes and high earnings, while others take years to fully pay off for their graduates. These differing types of majors seem to be attractive to different types of students. We find strong and consistent … Continue reading
Aging Population – A demographic drag is coming but the consequences on growth will likely be less severe numbers suggest
As many countries complete the demographic transition, their populations age. While a growing working-age share thanks to aging has been a source for economic growth, contracting working-age shares now threaten to turn the former demographic dividend into a demographic drag. In this paper, we investigate the consequences of changes in working-age shares for economic growth. … Continue reading
Benefits of College in US – Students whose majors provide technical training, such as engineering or math and computers, earn the highest returns
Despite rising tuition and falling wages for college graduates over the past several years, a college degree still tends to be a sound investment, according to a new Federal Reserve Bank of New York study. In “Do the Benefits of College Still Outweigh the Costs?” economists Jaison R. Abel and Richard Deitz examine the economic … Continue reading
Subminimum Wages and Poverty in US – They were were associated with increases in family poverty by 1.4 percentage points
The Fair Labor Standards Act’s minimum wage laws provide important protections for workers. However, it still permits employers to pay subminimum wages to youth under age 20, student-vocational learners, full-time students, individuals with disabilities, and tipped workers. This has important economic consequences, especially for economically vulnerable workers in the low-wage sector. Using 2009-2019 Current Population … Continue reading
Job-Related Training and Parenthood – Penalties that are particularly pronounced for mothers and in the first years after childbirth
Gender inequalities in paid and unpaid work are well documented, but patterns of advantage or disadvantage in further job-related training have been less explored. Previous cross-sectional studies indicate gender differences in further training, with lower participation rates and shorter training sessions for women, especially mothers. Based on the National Educational Panel Study for Germany (adult … Continue reading
Upward Social Mobility – Intergenerational poverty in the U.S. is four times stronger than in Denmark and Germany, and twice as strong as in Australia and the UK
Poor children are more likely to become poor adults, but less so in some countries compared to others. A new IZA discussion paper by Zachary Parolin, Rafael Pintro Schmitt, Gøsta Esping-Andersen and Peter Fallesen investigates cross-national differences in how experiencing poverty as a child leads to higher likelihood of poverty in adulthood. Comparing the U.S., … Continue reading
Wildfires – How do they affect labor income
Recent media coverage of air pollution in New York City resulting from wildfires in Canada has heightened awareness of the detrimental impact that drifting wildfire smoke can have on populations located far from the actual fires. In a 2022 IZA discussion paper (forthcoming in the Review of Economics and Statistics), researchers have quantified this effect, … Continue reading
Gender Gaps in Germany – Share of women rises most strongly in non-routine cognitive and manual occupations
The position of women in the labour market has been the subject of intense debate and scrutiny for a number of decades, especially in the context of the gender wage gap, but also with respect to relatively low female labour market participation. While the gender wage gap has substantially fallen over time in many industrialised … Continue reading
Employment Service in US – Evolution of the funding 1984-2008, a chart
Chosen excerpts by Job Market Monitor. Read the whole story @ “The Wagner-Peyser Act and U.S. Employment Service: 75 Years of Matchin” by Christopher J. O’Leary and Randall W. Eberts
Gender in STEM – Studying STEM in school and college may have less effect than expected due to the lower attachment of females to STEM after graduation
Much attention is focused on finding ways to encourage females to study STEM in school and college but what actually happens once women complete a STEM degree? We use the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey to trace out gender differences in STEM persistence over the career. We find a continuous process whereby women are more … Continue reading
Innovation and Labor Markets – An economic framework to evaluate the impact
This paper develops an economic framework to evaluate the impact of a technological innovation on labor demand and inequality, decomposing the effects into five channels that are quantified using data that corporations routinely collect in their accounting and financial planning and analysis departments: (i) the direct channel captures how the innovation changes factor inputs for … Continue reading
Aging Baby Boomers in Canada – Their participation has surpassed earlier generations in their 60s
The large wave of baby boomers—individuals born between 1946 and 1965—accounted for 31% of the Canadian population in 2000, when they were in their prime ages of 35 to 54, and 24% of the total population in 2020, when they were older adults aged 55 to 74.1 Because of their sheer numbers, baby boomers have … Continue reading
Indian Diaspora – From ‘brain drain’ to ‘brain gain’
The Indian diaspora consists of low- and semi-skilled migrants mainly to the Middle-East; migration of the highly-skilled to developed countries; and cross-border students who seek employment and remain in their host countries. India initially viewed the migration of the best educated from its prestigious institutions as ‘brain drain’. However, with the reverse flow of these … Continue reading
Robots and Jobs in Europe – The effects are generally larger in countries with low or average levels of labour costs
The use of robots has multiplied during the last two decades. Between 2000 and 2017, robot exposure, as measured by the number of industrial robots per 1,000 workers, has quadrupled in Europe as a whole; and it has doubled in Germany, which deploys the highest number of robots per worker in Europe. In high-income countries, … Continue reading
College Grads in US – About 50 percent of recent college graduates are living and working in the metro area nearest the institution they attended
A principal aim of colleges is to equip students with knowledge, skills, and connections that will lead to labor market success and future wellbeing. A clear understanding of the labor markets in which a college operates stands to inform institution-level decision-making as well as broader questions about links between college-going and economic development, mobility, and … Continue reading
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