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Academic Literature
Overeducation does not significantly affect people’s mental well-being, overskilling does
The labor market outcomes of education–occupation mismatches have been extensively studied during the last three decades. Overeducation, in which case workers have received more years of education than is required for their job, is prevalent and widespread in many countries. Studies generally find that overeducation has adverse consequences for labour market outcomes. Overeducated workers are … Continue reading
Employee Well-Being and Company Performance – The evidence
While evidence shows that better performing companies have happier employees, there has been much less research on whether happy employees contribute to better company performance. Finding causal relations between employee well-being and company performance is important for firms to justify spending corporate resources to provide a happier work environment for their employees. While correlational and … Continue reading
Globalization in Germany – A stabilizing effect on manufacturing jobs
Unlike in the case of the US, rising trade with emerging low-wage countries did not speed up the decline of manufacturing in Germany. Trade, in fact, slowed it down because the rising exports to these new markets worked to stabilize industry jobs, which might have otherwise been replaced by service jobs. A new IZA Discussion Paper by Wolfgang … Continue reading
Why do we need workforce development programs, and what would it take to design an effective one?
This section discusses trends in U.S. labor markets that have widened the earnings gap between high- and low-skilled workers, and increased the need for programs that help low-wage workers gain skills and advance. Autor and others argue that we have seen the labor market “polarize” over the last few decades: technology has allowed companies to … Continue reading
Minimum Wage in US – Study claiming the minimum wage harmed low-wage workers fails conventional tests EPI says
Beginning in 2007, there were two major developments in the U.S. economy. The federal minimum wage rose in steps from $5.15 to $7.25 per hour, and overall employment growth slowed significantly as the country began its descent into the Great Recession. A recent paper by Jeffrey Clemens and Michael Wither argues that the national minimum … Continue reading
Disability – Recognizing that the experience of disability varies by type, severity, and duration for a more flexible and tailored approach to policy
In Europe, about one in eight people of working age report having a disability; that is, the presence of a long-term limiting health condition. Despite the introduction of a range of legislative and policy initiatives designed to eliminate discrimination and facilitate retention of and entry into work, disability is associated with substantial and enduring employment … Continue reading
Active labor market policies (ALMPs) – Evaluations have not shown these programs to be particularly effective research finds
Active labor market policies (ALMPs) are massively used to improve labor market outcomes of individuals out of work. Table 1 lists the percentage of Gross Domestic Product that is allocated toward ALMPs in various OECD countries in 2011 (see OECD 2013). In addition, it lists the fraction of the labor force enrolled in ALMP programs … Continue reading
An International Standard Classification of Skills and Competences ?
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential of already existing skills and competence ontologies to benefit European transparency tools and especially the implementation of the European Qualification Framework. Furthermore, it asks whether any of them could serve as a starting point to develop an International Standard Classification of Skills and Competences to … Continue reading
Literacy and Numeracy skills of Teachers – On average, they score better but the scope for improvement varies between countries
Teachers are essential for the development of human capital in society. Their skills are formed in teacher training programs, but are also highly influenced by the type and overall quality of the students who enter these programs and become teachers. Understanding which segment of the population is part of the teacher corps is important in … Continue reading
Returns to Skills – Larger in countries with faster prior economic growth
The availability of new information about earnings and skills in a broader set of 32 countries permits closer investigation than previously possible of the hypothesis that education has a stronger payoff when there is faster economic change. It turns out that the range of differences in labor-market returns to skills across countries is even larger … Continue reading
Occupations with Overwork – Lowers the share of college educated young mothers
Despite large gains in the economic status of women over the past few decades, gender gaps in earnings, labor force participation and career advancement continue to persist in many developed countries (Blau 2012, Blau and Kahn, 2006). As women close the gap in human capital investments, gender differences in occupation and industry are emerging as … Continue reading
School-to-Work Transition in Europe – Considerable challenges persist despite intense reform activity
The Great Recession that has engulfed Europe since 2008 has had a profound impact on the process of young people’s school-to-work (STW) transition, exacerbating the challenges arising from the long-term structural transformations affecting youth labor markets across the European Union (EU). However, despite the impact of the crisis having been felt everywhere, profound cross-country differences … Continue reading
Informal On-the-job Training – Skill development appears to be larger than that of participation to training programmes
Due to lack of data on skill development, there is hardly any empirical literature on the contribution of different forms of human capital investments to workers’ skill development. In this paper, we provide more insights into the relevance of the assumption that the productivity of training is driven by the improvement of workers’ skills. We … Continue reading
Vocational vs. General Education – An initial employment advantage of individuals with VE turns into a disadvantage later in life
Around the world, there is an increasing interest in expanded vocational education as a way to get youth quickly and effectively into the labor market by endowing them with occupation- specific skills. Earlier analysis of labor markets in the 1990s, however, suggested possible adverse impacts of vocational education on employment opportunities later in life due … Continue reading
Immigrants Over-qualification in Germany – More a problem of over-education and less of over-skilling
So far, only limited evidence exists on skill utilisation among immigrants beyond over- or under- education. Our study tries to ll this gap by exploiting recent data of the BIBB/BAuA Employ ment Survey 2012, which allow for observing both educational and skill mismatch among work ers with (all their) formal qualifications attained outside Germany. We … Continue reading
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