Job Market Monitor
Academic Literature
Future of Work – Automation has not been employment-displacing but has reduced labor’s share in value added study finds
Is automation a labor-displacing force? This possibility is both an age-old concern and at the heart of a new theoretical literature considering how labor immiseration may result from a wave of “brilliant machines,” which is in part motivated by declining labor shares in many developed countries. Comprehensive evidence on this labor-displacing channel is at present … Continue reading
Student Work during Secondary Education – Those who work during the summer holidays of secondary education are 15.3% more likely to have a job three months after leaving school
This study examines the direct and indirect impact (via educational achievement) of student work during secondary education on later employment outcomes. To this end, we jointly model student work and later schooling and employment outcomes as a chain of discrete choices. To tackle their endogeneity, we correct for these outcomes’ unobserved determinants. Using unique longitudinal … Continue reading
Apprenticeship in Germany – A Dual or ‘Parallel Systems’ ?
On the macro level (federal level) and exo level (state or regional level), the German Dual Apprenticeship System shows a high degree of institutionalised collaboration. However, the companies and vocational schools on the meso level (institutional level and level of the actors), in contrast, are just loosely coupled with a dominant partner (i.e., companies) and … Continue reading
Overeducation – The problem relates to the supply of educated labour exceeding demand coupled with an inflexible labour market
Overeducation describes the extent to which an individual possesses a level of education in excess of that which is required for their particular job. Overeducation is potentially costly to the economy, the firm and the individual. At a macroeconomic level, national welfare is potentially lower than would be the case if the skills of all … Continue reading
Labour Mobility in Canada – Social capital matters
Over the past five decades, the percentage of the working-age population migrating to other provinces has fallen from roughly 2% in the early 1970s to roughly 1% in 2015 (Chart 1). Part of the drop likely reflects the growing number of older workers in the labour force—such workers are less mobile than their younger counterparts. … Continue reading
Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada – The tendency to stay longer has increased among more recent arrivals
Temporary foreign workers (TFWs) have been playing a growing role in Canada’s labour force and immigration system. The length and type of stay of TFWs in Canada have strong implications for the country’s immigration and labour policies. This study assesses the distribution of temporary workers among possible post-arrival residential trajectories to determine which TFWs are … Continue reading
Jobs and Regional Demographics in Canada – A 5.0% decline in regional labour demand reduces the regional population aged 15 to 64 by 4.5% to 6.0%
This article in the Economic Insights series assesses the degree to which changes in labour demand affect the working-age population and the regional demographic dependency ratio, based on a range of administrative data and Statistics Canada’s population estimates. The results suggest that over periods of seven years, a 5.0% decline in regional labour demand reduces … Continue reading
Older Workers and Taxes in Canada – Changes in individuals’ tax rates associated with changes in the employment decisions of spouses
Amid an aging society and rising labour market participation rates among older Canadians, it is important to understand the factors affecting the employment decisions of older workers. Although there is a large research literature estimating the effects of income taxes on the labour supply decisions of young and middle-aged workers, the ways in which older … Continue reading
The Future of Work in the Automotive Sector – Deteriorating employment and working conditions.
This summary report on the future of work in the automotive sector focuses on the major changes facing the sector. These include: the rise of emerging economies, new mobilities, the “greening” of the product, and the digitalization of production. This is in order to identify the main challenges for employment and industrial relations and to … Continue reading
Older Workers in US – A strong willingness to work, especially in jobs with flexible schedules
Older Americans, even those who are long retired, have strong willingness to work, especially in jobs with flexible schedules. For many, labor force participation near or after normal retirement age is limited more by a lack of acceptable job opportunities or low expectations about finding them than by unwillingness to work longer. This paper establishes … Continue reading
Students Grants – Within 10 years, imputed taxes fully recoup total government expenditures research
We estimate the effect of grant aid on poor college students’ attainment and earnings using student-level administrative data from four-year public colleges in Texas. To identify these effects, we exploit a discontinuity in grant generosity as a function of family income. Eligibility for the maximum Pell Grant significantly increases degree receipt and earnings beginning four … Continue reading
Wages of New Hires in US – Stronger growth for women compared to men
There is substantial interest in measuring not just the quantity of new jobs but the quality as well. Existing surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics describe the number of new jobs created each month, as well as wages of incumbent workers, but not wages (or other characteristics) of newly created jobs. This paper aims … Continue reading
Canada – Chronic low income among immigrants increased from 15.8% in 2000 to 16.3% in 2004, but then declined to 12.3% by 2012
The study Chronic Low Income Among Immigrants in Canada and its Communities provides new evidence on the incidence of chronic low income among immigrants aged 25 or older during the 2000s as well as variations across 29 Canadian cities and regions. Chronic low income is defined as having a family income under a low-income cut-off for five or more consecutive … Continue reading
Aging – Japan’s recent experiences
As the third largest economy in the world and a precursor of global trends in population aging, Japan’s recent experiences provide important lessons regarding how demographic shifts affect the labor market and individuals’ economic well-being. On the whole, the labor market has shown a remarkable stability during the recent financial crisis, despite decades of economic … Continue reading
The Future of Work – Erica Groshen, former head of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics on
There is growing attention being paid to the future of work, and concern that changing work relationships—for example, independent contractors, contract agency workers, gig workers, app-based workers, etc.—are evolving faster than BLS can develop the tools to measure. How has BLS considered collecting data to document these forms of work? The main thing BLS has … Continue reading
Jobs – Offres d’emploi – US & Canada (Eng. & Fr.)
The Most Popular Job Search Tools
Even More Objectives Statements to customize
Cover Letters – Tools, Tips and Free Cover Letter Templates for Microsoft Office
Job Market Monitor 